Bihar, a state in eastern India, holds a significant place in the country’s history, especially in the context of the Indian independence movement. While prominent figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru often dominate the narrative, Bihar’s own contributions and its unsung heroes played a crucial role in shaping the struggle for freedom. This blog delves into the historic movements and the lesser-known yet pivotal figures from Bihar who left an indelible mark on India’s fight for independence.
Champaran Satyagraha: A Turning Point
Bihar is known as the ‘Karmabhumi of Mahatma Gandhi’ because it was here that Gandhiji launched his first Satyagraha movement, the Champaran Satyagraha, in 1917. The movement responded to the exploitation of indigo farmers by European planters, who forced them to plant indigo on the 3/20th of their lands, known as the Tinkathiya system.
Under the leadership of Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Singh, Mazhar-ul-Haque, Mahadeo Desai, Narhari Parikh, and J B Kriplani, the Champaran Satyagraha forced the British to appoint a committee to resolve the issue, with Gandhi as a member. The committee abolished the Tinkathiya system and paid the peasants 25% compensation, marking a significant victory for the Indian independence movement.
The Quit India Movement: Bihar’s Fierce Resistance
In 1942, the Quit India Movement, initiated by the Indian National Congress, saw widespread participation from all over India. Bihar was no exception. The state witnessed intense and violent uprisings against British rule. Students, farmers, and ordinary citizens united to demand an end to British colonialism. Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Dr. Sri Krishna Sinha, and Jayaprakash Narayan were some of the key leaders from Bihar who mobilized the masses and led the charge in this significant struggle. The fierce resistance in Bihar was marked by sabotage of government properties, strikes, and mass protests, showcasing the people’s unwavering determination for freedom.
Unsung Heroes of Bihar
While leaders like Rajendra Prasad and Jayaprakash Narayan are celebrated, several other heroes from Bihar played crucial yet often overlooked roles in the independence movement.
Batukeshwar Dutt: Known for his association with Bhagat Singh, Batukeshwar Dutt was a revolutionary who hurled bombs at the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi to protest against repressive laws. Born in Oari village in Bihar, Dutt’s commitment to the cause of freedom remained steadfast throughout his life.
Kunwar Singh: A prominent figure during the 1857 Revolt, Kunwar Singh was a zamindar from Jagdispur in Bihar. At 80, he led the armed forces against the British, demonstrating extraordinary courage and tactical acumen. His contributions, although predating the 20th-century independence movement, set a precedent for resistance against colonial rule.
Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan: While often associated with Uttar Pradesh, their activities extended into Bihar as well. Their involvement in the Kakori Train Robbery was part of a broader strategy that influenced revolutionary activities in Bihar.
Women’s Role in Bihar’s Freedom Struggle
Women from Bihar also played an instrumental role in the independence movement. Raj Kumari Gupta was actively involved in revolutionary activities, including providing support to the Kakori Conspiracy. Janki Devi Bajaj participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. These women, along with many others, not only challenged the British but also broke societal norms to fight for India’s freedom
The Legacy of Bihar’s Independence Struggle
Bihar’s contribution to India’s independence is a testament to the state’s rich history of courage, resilience, and sacrifice. The movements and figures from Bihar not only played crucial roles in the struggle against British colonialism but also laid the foundation for future generations to value and uphold the principles of freedom and justice. As we celebrate India’s independence, it is essential to remember and honor the unsung heroes from Bihar whose efforts and sacrifices were instrumental in achieving the nation’s freedom. Their legacy continues to inspire and remind us of the collective strength required to overcome oppression and fight for a just cause.
