Sonpur Mela, also known as Sonpur Fair, holds a rich history deeply entrenched in Indian tradition and folklore. This centuries-old event is one of the largest and most famous cattle fairs in Asia, drawing visitors from across India and beyond. Here’s an overview of its historical background:
- Ancient Origins: Sonpur Mela’s origins can be traced back to ancient times, with historical references dating as far back as the 6th century. It is believed to have started during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya Empire. The fair was initially organized for trading purposes, especially for cattle and horses.
- Legendary Significance: According to Hindu mythology, Sonpur is associated with the tale of Lord Vishnu’s incarnation as a boar (Varaha avatar) to rescue Goddess Earth (Bhudevi) from the demon Hiranyaksha. It is said that Lord Vishnu performed a great yajna (sacrifice) at Sonpur after defeating the demon.
- Evolution and Expansion: Over the centuries, Sonpur Mela evolved from a simple trading fair into a grand cultural extravaganza. While the fair still retains its focus on livestock trading, it now encompasses various other elements such as entertainment, religious rituals, cultural performances, and commercial activities.
- Medieval Period: During the medieval period, Sonpur Mela gained further prominence under the patronage of various rulers, including the Mughals and later the British colonial administration. It became a significant hub for trade and commerce, attracting merchants and traders from distant regions.
- Continued Tradition: Despite undergoing transformations over time, Sonpur Mela has retained its traditional charm and essence. It continues to be celebrated annually, typically during the months of October to November, following the Hindu calendar month of Kartik. The fair lasts for several weeks and culminates on Kartik Purnima, the full moon day.
- Cultural Significance: Sonpur Mela is not merely a marketplace but also a cultural melting pot where people from diverse backgrounds come together to celebrate, socialize, and enjoy various forms of entertainment. It features folk performances, music, dance, acrobatics, and other cultural events that showcase the rich heritage of Bihar and India as a whole.
- Tourist Attraction: In recent times, Sonpur Mela has gained international recognition as a major tourist attraction. Visitors flock to experience the unique blend of tradition, spirituality, and festivity that the fair offers. The event has also become a platform for promoting tourism and showcasing the cultural heritage of Bihar.
Overall, Sonpur Mela stands as a testament to India’s enduring cultural heritage and serves as a vibrant expression of community spirit, economic activity, and religious fervor.
