Bihar, a state rich in culture and tradition, celebrates a myriad of festivals that highlight its vibrant heritage. While festivals like Chhath Puja and Sonepur Mela are widely known, there are several lesser-known yet equally significant festivals that showcase the diverse cultural tapestry of Bihar. In this blog post, we delve into the unique celebrations of Sama-Chakeva, Jivitputrika, and Teej.
Sama-Chakeva: Celebrating Sibling Bonds
When: October-November (Kartik month in the Hindu calendar)
Significance: Sama-Chakeva is a festival that honors the bond between brothers and sisters, celebrated with great enthusiasm in the Mithila region of Bihar. It coincides with the arrival of migratory birds and the retreat of monsoon rains.
Rituals and Traditions:
- The festival involves the making of clay idols of Sama (a girl) and Chakeva (her brother) along with other figurines representing birds and animals.
- These idols are beautifully decorated and are placed in small bamboo baskets.
- Sisters perform various rituals and songs, praying for the well-being and prosperity of their brothers.
- In the evenings, groups of women and girls gather to perform folk songs and dances around the idols, creating a vibrant atmosphere.
Cultural Importance:
- Sama-Chakeva is not just a celebration of sibling love but also a recognition of the natural bond between humans and the environment, as it marks the arrival of migratory birds.
- The festival strengthens familial bonds and fosters a sense of community among participants.
Jivitputrika: The Fasting Festival for Children
When: September-October (Ashwin month in the Hindu calendar)
Significance: Jivitputrika, also known as Jitiya, is a significant festival for mothers who fast and pray for the long life and well-being of their children. It is observed mainly in the regions of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Nepal.
Rituals and Traditions:
- The festival spans three days, starting with Nahai-Khai (preparation day), followed by Khur-Jitiya (the main fasting day), and ending with Paran (fast-breaking day).
- On the first day, mothers take a holy bath and prepare special foods to be consumed before the fast begins.
- On the second day, mothers observe a rigorous fast, refraining from both food and water.
- The fast is broken on the third day after performing puja and offering prayers for their children’s longevity and happiness.
Cultural Importance:
- Jivitputrika underscores the deep love and dedication of mothers towards their children, emphasizing the sacrificial nature of maternal love.
- The festival strengthens family bonds and promotes community solidarity as women come together to share their hopes and prayers.
Teej: The Festival of Women’s Empowerment and Marital Bliss
When: August-September (Shravan month in the Hindu calendar)
Significance: Teej is a vibrant festival celebrated by women to honor the union of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. It is observed with great fervor in Bihar, Rajasthan, and other parts of Northern India. The festival is dedicated to marital happiness, the well-being of spouses, and the empowerment of women.
Rituals and Traditions:
- Teej involves three main days: Hariyali Teej, Kajari Teej, and Hartalika Teej, each with distinct customs.
- Women dress in green attire, symbolizing growth and prosperity, and adorn themselves with jewelry and henna.
- They participate in singing and dancing, often accompanied by swings decorated with flowers.
- Fasting is a crucial part of Teej, where women pray for the long life and success of their husbands.
Cultural Importance:
- Teej is a celebration of womanhood, highlighting the strength, resilience, and beauty of women.
- The festival fosters a sense of sisterhood and communal harmony as women come together to celebrate.
Conclusion
The festivals of Sama-Chakeva, Jivitputrika, and Teej provide a deep insight into the cultural richness and diversity of Bihar. These celebrations reflect the importance of familial bonds, respect for nature, and the empowerment of women. By preserving and promoting these lesser-known festivals, we honor the vibrant traditions that have been passed down through generations, ensuring that they continue to enrich our cultural heritage for years to come.
